mysql存储emoji表情报错的处理方法【更改编码为utf8mb4】
本文实例分析了mysql存储emoji表情报错的处理方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
utf-8编码可能2个字节、3个字节、4个字节的字符，但是MySQL的utf8编码只支持3字节的数据，而移动端的表情数据是4个字节的字符。如果直接往采用utf-8编码的数据库中插入表情数据，Java程序中将报SQL异常：
java.sql.SQLException: Incorrect string value: '\xF0\x9F\x92\x94' for column 'name' at row 1
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1073)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3593)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3525)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:1986)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2140)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2620)
at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeUpdate(StatementImpl.java:1662)
at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeUpdate(StatementImpl.java:1581)
可以对4字节的字符进行编码存储，然后取出来的时候，再进行解码。但是这样做会使得任何使用该字符的地方都要进行编码与解码。
utf8mb4编码是utf8编码的超集，兼容utf8，并且能存储4字节的表情字符。
采用utf8mb4编码的好处是：存储与获取数据的时候，不用再考虑表情字符的编码与解码问题。
更改数据库的编码为utf8mb4:
1. MySQL的版本
utf8mb4的最低mysql版本支持版本为5.5.3+，若不是，请升级到较新版本。
2. MySQL驱动
5.1.34可用,最低不能低于5.1.13
3.修改MySQL配置文件
修改mysql配置文件my.cnf（windows为my.ini）
my.cnf一般在etc/mysql/my.cnf位置。找到后请在以下三部分里添加如下内容：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | [client] default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysql] default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysqld] character-set-client-handshake = FALSE character-set-server = utf8mb4 collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' |
4. 重启数据库，检查变量
复制代码代码如下:
SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character_set_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';
| Variable_name | Value |
|---|---|
| character_set_client | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_database | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_server | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| collation_connection | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
collation_connection 、collation_database 、collation_server是什么没关系。
但必须保证
| 系统变量 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| character_set_client | (客户端来源数据使用的字符集) |
| character_set_connection | (连接层字符集) |
| character_set_database | (当前选中数据库的默认字符集) |
| character_set_results | (查询结果字符集) |
| character_set_server | (默认的内部操作字符集) |
这几个变量必须是utf8mb4。
5. 数据库连接的配置
数据库连接参数中:
characterEncoding=utf8会被自动识别为utf8mb4，也可以不加这个参数，会自动检测。
而autoReconnect=true是必须加上的。
6. 将数据库和已经建好的表也转换成utf8mb4
更改数据库编码：
复制代码代码如下:
ALTER DATABASE caitu99 CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
更改表编码：
复制代码代码如下:
ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATEutf8mb4_general_ci;
如有必要，还可以更改列的编码
7、在第3步设置character_set_database，character_set_server不成功的可以试下直接在mysql.exe下
1 2 | set @@character_set_server='utf8mb4'; set @@character_set_database='utf8mb4'; |
这下数据库就可以存下emoji表情的编码了。
附上我的my.ini
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 | # For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html # *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the # *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you # *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL. [client] default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysql] default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysqld] character-set-client-handshake = FALSE character-set-server = utf8mb4 collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required. # basedir = ..... # datadir = ..... # port = ..... # server_id = ..... # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES |
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