原生JS实现自定义下拉单选选择框功能
浏览器自带的原生下拉框不太美观,而且各个浏览器表现也不一致,UI一般给的下拉框也是和原生的下拉框差别比较大的,这就需要自己写一个基本功能的下拉菜单/下拉选择框了。最近,把项目中用到的下拉框组件重新封装了一下,以构造函数的方式进行封装,主要方法和事件定义在原型上,下面是主要的实现代码并添加了比较详细的注释,分享出来供大家参考。代码用了ES6部分写法如需兼容低版本浏览器请把相关代码转成es5写法,或者直接bable转下。
先放个预览图吧,后面有最终的动态效果图:(样式和交互参考了阿里和Iview UI库)
下面是主要的HTML代码(包含部分js调用代码):
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 | <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <title>Diy Select</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="index.css" rel="external nofollow" > </head> <body> <div id="main" class="main"></div>
<script src="index.js"></script> <script> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){ const select1 = new $Selector({ eleSelector:"#main", options:[ {name:"选项1",value:"0"}, {name:"选项2",value:"1"}, {name:"选项3",value:"2"} ], defaultText:"选项2" }); }) </script> </body> </html> |
页面中定义了id为main的div,即为选择框所要添加到的元素。传入参数即可。
接着就是样式CSS部分了,没啥说的了,手动滑稽:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 | * { padding: 0; margin: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }
.main { padding: 40px; }
.my-select { display: inline-block; width: auto; min-width: 80px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle; color: #515a6e; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; position: relative; }
.select-selection { display: block; box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0; -webkit-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer; position: relative; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid #dcdee2; transition: all .2s ease-in-out; }
.select-selection:hover, .select-selection.select-focus { border-color: #57a3f3; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(45, 140, 240, .2); }
.select-selected-value { display: block; height: 28px; line-height: 28px; font-size: 12px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 24px; }
.icon-select-arrow { position: absolute; top: 50%; right: 8px; line-height: 1; margin-top: -7px; font-size: 14px; color: #808695; transition: all .2s ease-in-out; display: inline-block; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-variant: normal; text-transform: none; text-rendering: auto; line-height: 1; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; vertical-align: middle; }
.icon-select-arrow::before { content: ""; display: block; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: transparent; border-left: 1.5px solid #808695; border-bottom: 1.5px solid #808695; transform: rotate(-45deg); }
.select-dropdown { width: auto; min-width: 80px; max-height: 200px; overflow: auto; margin: 5px 0; padding: 5px 0; background-color: #fff; box-sizing: border-box; border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: 0 1px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2); position: absolute; z-index: 2; transform-origin: center top 0px; transition: all 0.3s; will-change: top, left; top: 30px; left: 0; transform: scale(1, 0); opacity: 0; }
.select-item { line-height: normal; padding: 7px 16px; clear: both; color: #515a6e; font-size: 12px !important; white-space: nowrap; list-style: none; cursor: pointer; transition: background .2s ease-in-out; }
.select-item.select-item-selected, .select-item:hover { color: #2d8cf0; background-color: #f3f3f3; } |
样式部分就不做什么解释了,下面放入压轴的JS,同样也无需过多解释,注释写的很详细了,上代码:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 | /* jshint esversion: 6 */ (function (window, document) { let Selector = function (option) { //执行初始化方法, this._init(option); };
Selector.prototype = { //初始化传入参数并定义初始化的相关变量 _init({ eleSelector = "", //传入的选择器 id,class,tag等,用于将选择框渲染到此选择器所在的元素 options = [{ name: "请选择", value: "0", }], //传入的下拉框对象,name为选择的文字,value为值 defaultText = "请选择" //提供的默认选择的值 }) {
//将传入的数据绑定到this上 this.parentEle = document.querySelector(eleSelector) || document.body; //要邦定的dom this.options = options; //选择值数组对象 this.defaultText = defaultText; //默认值
this.dropboxShow = false; //定义存储下拉框的显示隐藏状态 this.defaultValue = ""; //定义村赤默认选中的值 this._creatElement(); //初始化后执行创建元素方法 },
//创建下拉选择框dom _creatElement() { //选择框最外层的包裹元素 let wrapEle = document.createElement("div"); wrapEle.className = "my-select";
//根据传入的值获取选择框默认的值和内容 this.options.forEach(item => { if (item.name === "this.defaultText") { this.defaultValue = item.value; } });
let selectWarpBox = document.createElement("div"); //选择框包裹元素 selectWarpBox.className = "select-selection";
let inputHideBox = document.createElement("input"); //隐藏保存选择值得元素 inputHideBox.type = "hidden"; inputHideBox.value = this.defaultValue;
let selectShowBox = document.createElement("div"); //选择框默认展示框 let selectNameBox = document.createElement("span"); //选择框展现的值ele selectNameBox.className = "select-selected-value"; selectNameBox.id = "select-option"; selectNameBox.innerText = this.defaultText; //将传入的默认值赋值 let selectIcon = document.createElement("i"); //图标ele selectIcon.className = "arrow-down icon-select-arrow"; //将span和角标添加到外层div selectShowBox.appendChild(selectNameBox); selectShowBox.appendChild(selectIcon);
selectWarpBox.appendChild(inputHideBox); selectWarpBox.appendChild(selectShowBox);
//下拉框 let dropbox = document.createElement("div"), ulbox = document.createElement("ul");
dropbox.id = "select-drop"; dropbox.className = "select-dropdown"; ulbox.className = "select-dropdown-list"; //遍历传入的选项数组对象,生成下拉菜单的li元素并赋值 this.options.forEach((item) => { let itemLi = document.createElement("li"); if (this.defaultText === item.name) { itemLi.className = "select-item select-item-selected"; } else { itemLi.className = "select-item"; }
itemLi.setAttribute("data-value", item.value); itemLi.innerText = item.name; ulbox.appendChild(itemLi);
}); //将下拉框ul推入到包裹元素 dropbox.appendChild(ulbox);
wrapEle.appendChild(selectWarpBox); wrapEle.appendChild(dropbox);
this.parentEle.appendChild(wrapEle); //将生成的下拉框添加到所选元素中
//把需要操作的dom挂载到当前实例 //this.wrapEle = wrapEle; //最外层包裹元素 this.eleSelect = selectWarpBox; //选择框 this.eleDrop = dropbox; //下拉框 this.eleSpan = selectNameBox; //显示文字的span节点
//绑定事件处理函数 this._bind(this.parentEle); },
//点击下拉框事件处理函数 _selectHandleClick() { if (this.dropboxShow) { this._selectDropup(); } else { this._selectDropdown(); } },
//收起下拉选项 _selectDropup() { this.eleDrop.style.transform = "scale(1,0)"; this.eleDrop.style.opacity = "0"; this.eleSelect.className = "select-selection"; this.dropboxShow = false; },
//展示下拉选项 _selectDropdown() { this.eleDrop.style.transform = "scale(1,1)"; this.eleDrop.style.opacity = "1"; this.eleSelect.className = "select-selection select-focus"; this.dropboxShow = true; },
//点击下拉选项进行赋值 _dropItemClick(ele) { this.defaultValue = ele.getAttribute("data-value"); //document.querySelector("#select-value").value = ele.getAttribute("data-value"); this.eleSpan.innerText = ele.innerText; ele.className = "select-item select-item-selected"; //对点击选中的其他所有兄弟元素修改class去除选中样式 this._siblingsDo(ele, function (ele) { if (ele) { ele.className = "select-item"; } }); this._selectDropup(); },
//node遍历是否是子元素包裹元素 _getTargetNode(ele, target) { //ele是内部元素,target是你想找到的包裹元素 if (!ele || ele === document) return false; return ele === target ? true : this._getTargetNode(ele.parentNode, target); },
//兄弟元素遍历处理函数 _siblingsDo(ele, fn) {
(function (ele) { fn(ele); if (ele && ele.previousSibling) { arguments.callee(ele.previousSibling); } })(ele.previousSibling);
(function (ele) { fn(ele); if (ele && ele.nextSibling) { arguments.callee(ele.nextSibling); } })(ele.nextSibling);
},
//绑定下拉框事件处理函数 _bind(parentEle) { let _this = this; //事件委托到最外层包裹元素进行绑定处理 parentEle.addEventListener("click", function (e) { const ele = e.target;
//遍历当前点击的元素,如果是选中框内的元素执行 if (_this._getTargetNode(ele, _this.eleSelect)) { if (_this.dropboxShow) { _this._selectDropup(); } else { _this._selectDropdown(); } } else if (ele.className === "select-item") { //如果是点击的下拉框的选项执行 _this._dropItemClick(ele); } else { //点击其他地方隐藏下拉框 _this._selectDropup(); }
});
}
}; //将构造函数挂载到全局window window.$Selector = Selector; })(window, document); |
到此,一个自定义下拉菜单就出炉了,下面是动态效果:
至此,从css自定义的表单元素到下拉框元素都已经自定义完毕,使用bootstrap的同学把这些加进去就能基本保持各浏览器效果一致性和美观性了,就到这吧先。
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