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原生JS实现自定义下拉单选选择框功能

    网络     2018-11-09    1207

浏览器自带的原生下拉框不太美观,而且各个浏览器表现也不一致,UI一般给的下拉框也是和原生的下拉框差别比较大的,这就需要自己写一个基本功能的下拉菜单/下拉选择框了。最近,把项目中用到的下拉框组件重新封装了一下,以构造函数的方式进行封装,主要方法和事件定义在原型上,下面是主要的实现代码并添加了比较详细的注释,分享出来供大家参考。代码用了ES6部分写法如需兼容低版本浏览器请把相关代码转成es5写法,或者直接bable转下。

先放个预览图吧,后面有最终的动态效果图:(样式和交互参考了阿里和Iview UI库)

下面是主要的HTML代码(包含部分js调用代码):

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<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

  <meta charset="UTF-8">

  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">

  <title>Diy Select</title>

  <link rel="stylesheet" href="index.css" rel="external nofollow" >

</head>

<body>

  <div id="main" class="main"></div>

 

  <script src="index.js"></script>

  <script>

    document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){

      const select1 = new $Selector({

        eleSelector:"#main",

        options:[

          {name:"选项1",value:"0"},

          {name:"选项2",value:"1"},

          {name:"选项3",value:"2"}

        ],

        defaultText:"选项2"

      });

    })

  </script>

</body>

</html>

页面中定义了id为main的div,即为选择框所要添加到的元素。传入参数即可。

接着就是样式CSS部分了,没啥说的了,手动滑稽:

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* {

  padding: 0;

  margin: 0;

  box-sizing: border-box;

}

 

.main {

  padding: 40px;

}

 

.my-select {

  display: inline-block;

  width: auto;

  min-width: 80px;

  box-sizing: border-box;

  vertical-align: middle;

  color: #515a6e;

  font-size: 14px;

  line-height: normal;

  position: relative;

}

 

.select-selection {

  display: block;

  box-sizing: border-box;

  outline: 0;

  -webkit-user-select: none;

  -moz-user-select: none;

  -ms-user-select: none;

  user-select: none;

  cursor: pointer;

  position: relative;

  background-color: #fff;

  border-radius: 4px;

  border: 1px solid #dcdee2;

  transition: all .2s ease-in-out;

}

 

.select-selection:hover,

.select-selection.select-focus {

  border-color: #57a3f3;

  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(45, 140, 240, .2);

}

 

.select-selected-value {

  display: block;

  height: 28px;

  line-height: 28px;

  font-size: 12px;

  overflow: hidden;

  text-overflow: ellipsis;

  white-space: nowrap;

  padding-left: 8px;

  padding-right: 24px;

}

 

.icon-select-arrow {

  position: absolute;

  top: 50%;

  right: 8px;

  line-height: 1;

  margin-top: -7px;

  font-size: 14px;

  color: #808695;

  transition: all .2s ease-in-out;

  display: inline-block;

  font-style: normal;

  font-weight: 400;

  font-variant: normal;

  text-transform: none;

  text-rendering: auto;

  line-height: 1;

  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;

  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;

  vertical-align: middle;

}

 

.icon-select-arrow::before {

  content: "";

  display: block;

  width: 6px;

  height: 6px;

  background-color: transparent;

  border-left: 1.5px solid #808695;

  border-bottom: 1.5px solid #808695;

  transform: rotate(-45deg);

}

 

.select-dropdown {

  width: auto;

  min-width: 80px;

  max-height: 200px;

  overflow: auto;

  margin: 5px 0;

  padding: 5px 0;

  background-color: #fff;

  box-sizing: border-box;

  border-radius: 4px;

  box-shadow: 0 1px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);

  position: absolute;

  z-index: 2;

  transform-origin: center top 0px;

  transition: all 0.3s;

  will-change: top, left;

  top: 30px;

  left: 0;

  transform: scale(1, 0);

  opacity: 0;

}

 

.select-item {

  line-height: normal;

  padding: 7px 16px;

  clear: both;

  color: #515a6e;

  font-size: 12px !important;

  white-space: nowrap;

  list-style: none;

  cursor: pointer;

  transition: background .2s ease-in-out;

}

 

.select-item.select-item-selected,

.select-item:hover {

  color: #2d8cf0;

  background-color: #f3f3f3;

}

样式部分就不做什么解释了,下面放入压轴的JS,同样也无需过多解释,注释写的很详细了,上代码:

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/* jshint esversion: 6 */

(function (window, document) {

  let Selector = function (option) {

    //执行初始化方法,

    this._init(option);

  };

 

  Selector.prototype = {

    //初始化传入参数并定义初始化的相关变量

    _init({

      eleSelector = "", //传入的选择器 id,class,tag等,用于将选择框渲染到此选择器所在的元素

      options = [{

        name: "请选择",

        value: "0",

      }], //传入的下拉框对象,name为选择的文字,value为值

      defaultText = "请选择" //提供的默认选择的值

    }) {

       

      //将传入的数据绑定到this上

      this.parentEle = document.querySelector(eleSelector) || document.body; //要邦定的dom

      this.options = options; //选择值数组对象

      this.defaultText = defaultText; //默认值

 

      this.dropboxShow = false; //定义存储下拉框的显示隐藏状态

      this.defaultValue = ""; //定义村赤默认选中的值

      this._creatElement(); //初始化后执行创建元素方法

    },

 

    //创建下拉选择框dom

    _creatElement() {

      //选择框最外层的包裹元素

      let wrapEle = document.createElement("div");

      wrapEle.className = "my-select";

 

      //根据传入的值获取选择框默认的值和内容

      this.options.forEach(item => {

        if (item.name === "this.defaultText") {

          this.defaultValue = item.value;

        }

      });

 

      let selectWarpBox = document.createElement("div"); //选择框包裹元素

      selectWarpBox.className = "select-selection";

 

      let inputHideBox = document.createElement("input"); //隐藏保存选择值得元素

      inputHideBox.type = "hidden";

      inputHideBox.value = this.defaultValue;

 

      let selectShowBox = document.createElement("div"); //选择框默认展示框

      let selectNameBox = document.createElement("span"); //选择框展现的值ele

      selectNameBox.className = "select-selected-value";

      selectNameBox.id = "select-option";

      selectNameBox.innerText = this.defaultText; //将传入的默认值赋值

      let selectIcon = document.createElement("i"); //图标ele

      selectIcon.className = "arrow-down icon-select-arrow";

      //将span和角标添加到外层div

      selectShowBox.appendChild(selectNameBox);

      selectShowBox.appendChild(selectIcon);

 

      selectWarpBox.appendChild(inputHideBox);

      selectWarpBox.appendChild(selectShowBox);

 

      //下拉框

      let dropbox = document.createElement("div"),

        ulbox = document.createElement("ul");

 

      dropbox.id = "select-drop";

      dropbox.className = "select-dropdown";

      ulbox.className = "select-dropdown-list";

      //遍历传入的选项数组对象,生成下拉菜单的li元素并赋值

      this.options.forEach((item) => {

        let itemLi = document.createElement("li");

        if (this.defaultText === item.name) {

          itemLi.className = "select-item select-item-selected";

        } else {

          itemLi.className = "select-item";

        }

 

        itemLi.setAttribute("data-value", item.value);

        itemLi.innerText = item.name;

        ulbox.appendChild(itemLi);

 

      });

      //将下拉框ul推入到包裹元素

      dropbox.appendChild(ulbox);

 

      wrapEle.appendChild(selectWarpBox);

      wrapEle.appendChild(dropbox);

 

      this.parentEle.appendChild(wrapEle); //将生成的下拉框添加到所选元素中

 

      //把需要操作的dom挂载到当前实例

      //this.wrapEle = wrapEle;   //最外层包裹元素

      this.eleSelect = selectWarpBox; //选择框

      this.eleDrop = dropbox; //下拉框

      this.eleSpan = selectNameBox; //显示文字的span节点

 

      //绑定事件处理函数

      this._bind(this.parentEle);

    },

 

    //点击下拉框事件处理函数

    _selectHandleClick() {

      if (this.dropboxShow) {

        this._selectDropup();

      } else {

        this._selectDropdown();

      }

    },

 

    //收起下拉选项

    _selectDropup() {

      this.eleDrop.style.transform = "scale(1,0)";

      this.eleDrop.style.opacity = "0";

      this.eleSelect.className = "select-selection";

      this.dropboxShow = false;

    },

 

    //展示下拉选项

    _selectDropdown() {

      this.eleDrop.style.transform = "scale(1,1)";

      this.eleDrop.style.opacity = "1";

      this.eleSelect.className = "select-selection select-focus";

      this.dropboxShow = true;

    },

 

    //点击下拉选项进行赋值

    _dropItemClick(ele) {

      this.defaultValue = ele.getAttribute("data-value");

      //document.querySelector("#select-value").value = ele.getAttribute("data-value");

      this.eleSpan.innerText = ele.innerText;

      ele.className = "select-item select-item-selected";

      //对点击选中的其他所有兄弟元素修改class去除选中样式

      this._siblingsDo(ele, function (ele) {

        if (ele) {

          ele.className = "select-item";

        }

      });

      this._selectDropup();

    },

 

    //node遍历是否是子元素包裹元素

    _getTargetNode(ele, target) {

      //ele是内部元素,target是你想找到的包裹元素

      if (!ele || ele === document) return false;

      return ele === target ? true : this._getTargetNode(ele.parentNode, target);

    },

 

    //兄弟元素遍历处理函数

    _siblingsDo(ele, fn) {

 

      (function (ele) {

        fn(ele);

        if (ele && ele.previousSibling) {

          arguments.callee(ele.previousSibling);

        }

      })(ele.previousSibling);

 

      (function (ele) {

        fn(ele);

        if (ele && ele.nextSibling) {

          arguments.callee(ele.nextSibling);

        }

      })(ele.nextSibling);

 

    },

 

    //绑定下拉框事件处理函数

    _bind(parentEle) {

      let _this = this;

      //事件委托到最外层包裹元素进行绑定处理

      parentEle.addEventListener("click", function (e) {

        const ele = e.target;

         

        //遍历当前点击的元素,如果是选中框内的元素执行

        if (_this._getTargetNode(ele, _this.eleSelect)) {

          if (_this.dropboxShow) {

            _this._selectDropup();

          } else {

            _this._selectDropdown();

          }

        } else if (ele.className === "select-item") { //如果是点击的下拉框的选项执行

          _this._dropItemClick(ele);

        } else { //点击其他地方隐藏下拉框

          _this._selectDropup();

        }

 

      });

 

    }

 

  };

  //将构造函数挂载到全局window

  window.$Selector = Selector;

})(window, document);

到此,一个自定义下拉菜单就出炉了,下面是动态效果:

至此,从css自定义的表单元素到下拉框元素都已经自定义完毕,使用bootstrap的同学把这些加进去就能基本保持各浏览器效果一致性和美观性了,就到这吧先。


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