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JavaScript实现二叉树的先序、中序及后序遍历方法详解

    网络     2017-10-27    1342

本文实例讲述了JavaScript实现二叉树的先序、中序及后序遍历方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

之前学数据结构的时候,学了二叉树的先序、中序、后序遍历的方法,并用C语言实现了,下文是用js实现二叉树的3种遍历,并以动画的形式展现出遍历的过程。

整个遍历过程还是采用递归的思想,原理很粗暴也很简单

先序遍历的函数:

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function preOrder(node){
  if(!(node==null)){
    divList.push(node);
    preOrder(node.firstElementChild);
    preOrder(node.lastElementChild);
  }
}

中序遍历的函数:

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function inOrder(node) {
  if (!(node == null)) {
    inOrder(node.firstElementChild);
    divList.push(node);
    inOrder(node.lastElementChild);
  }
}

后序遍历的函数:

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function postOrder(node) {
  if (!(node == null)) {
    postOrder(node.firstElementChild);
    postOrder(node.lastElementChild);
    divList.push(node);
  }
}

颜色变化函数:

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function changeColor(){
  var i=0;
  divList[i].style.backgroundColor = 'blue';
  timer=setInterval(function(argument){
    i++;
    if(i<divList.length){
      divList[i-1].style.backgroundColor="#fff";
      divList[i].style.backgroundColor="blue";
    }
    else{
      divList[divList.length-1].style.backgroundColor="#fff";
    }
  },500)
}

核心代码如上,本来想写深度优先遍历和广度优先遍历。后来发现二叉树深度优先遍历和先序遍历相同。改日总结一下树的BFS和DFS。

全部代码如下:

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title></title>
  <style>
    .root{
      display: flex;
      padding: 20px;
      width: 1000px;
      height: 300px;border: 1px solid #000000;
      margin: 100px auto;
      margin-bottom: 10px;
      justify-content: space-between;
    }
    .child_1{
      display: flex;
      padding: 20px;
      width: 450px;
      height: 260px;border: 1px solid red;
      justify-content: space-between;
    }
    .child_2{
      display: flex;
      padding: 20px;
      width: 170px;
      height: 220px;border: 1px solid green;
      justify-content: space-between;
    }
    .child_3{
      display: flex;
      padding: 20px;
      width: 35px;
      height: 180px;border: 1px solid blue;
      justify-content: space-between;
    }
    input{
      margin-left: 100px;
      width: 60px;
      height: 40px;
      font:20px italic;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="root">
  <div class="child_1">
    <div class="child_2">
      <div class="child_3"></div>
      <div class="child_3"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="child_2">
      <div class="child_3"></div>
      <div class="child_3"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="child_1">
    <div class="child_2">
      <div class="child_3"></div>
      <div class="child_3"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="child_2">
      <div class="child_3"></div>
      <div class="child_3"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
<input type="button" value="先序">
<input type="button" value="中序">
<input type="button" value="后序">
<script type="text/javascript" src="遍历.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

js:

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/**
 * Created by hp on 2016/12/22.
 */
var btn = document.getElementsByTagName('input'),
  preBtn = btn[0],
  inBtn = btn[1],
  postBtn = btn[2],
  treeRoot = document.getElementsByClassName('root')[0],
  divList = [],
  timer = null;
window.onload=function(){
  preBtn.onclick = function () {
    reset();
    preOrder(treeRoot);
    changeColor();
  }
  inBtn.onclick = function () {
    reset();
    inOrder(treeRoot);
    changeColor();
  }
  postBtn.onclick = function () {
    reset();
    postOrder(treeRoot);
    changeColor();
  }
}
/*先序遍历*/
function preOrder(node){
  if(!(node==null)){
    divList.push(node);
    preOrder(node.firstElementChild);
    preOrder(node.lastElementChild);
  }
}
/*中序遍历*/
function inOrder(node) {
  if (!(node == null)) {
    inOrder(node.firstElementChild);
    divList.push(node);
    inOrder(node.lastElementChild);
  }
}
/*后序遍历*/
function postOrder(node) {
  if (!(node == null)) {
    postOrder(node.firstElementChild);
    postOrder(node.lastElementChild);
    divList.push(node);
  }
}
/*颜色变化函数*/
function changeColor(){
  var i=0;
  divList[i].style.backgroundColor = 'blue';
  timer=setInterval(function(argument){
    i++;
    if(i<divList.length){
      divList[i-1].style.backgroundColor="#fff";
      divList[i].style.backgroundColor="blue";
    }
    else{
      divList[divList.length-1].style.backgroundColor="#fff";
    }
  },500)
}
function reset(){
  divList=[];
  clearInterval(timer);
  var divs=document.getElementsByTagName("div");
  for(var i=0;i<divs.length;i++){
    divs[i].style.backgroundColor="#fff";
  }
}

由此可见,二叉树的遍历思想是一样的。之前一直把JS看做是写各种特效的语言,现在向来是too naive了。


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